In short, agreement on the causes and remedies for global financial contagion (接触传染病)is limited. 46) As a result, the world is pursuing what the experts call“architectural reform” at a distinctly measured pace that is typical of the international financial system. The U.S., in particular, is eager to avoid what it deems (认为) to be hastily crafted solutions that might destabilize a growing but still fragile world economy. It’s an approach to reform that looks more like a plumber fixing leaky pipes than an architect trying to devise a grandiose (宏伟的) new world order. 47) But until a broad international consensus does form, U.S. Treasury Secretary Lawrence H. Summers, like his predecessor, Robert Rubin, is likely to pursue a cautious, incremental (渐进) strategy, which a U.S.Treasury official calls a financial version of the Hippocratic oath:“… at least, to do no harm.”

The SummersRubin approach does seem to be working, at least for now. Little more than a year ago, as the world teetered (濒临) on a financial precipice (悬崖峭壁) , the duo (Summers was then Rubin’s deputy )worked closely with Federal Reserve Board Chairman Alan Greenspan to maintain the strength of the U.S. economy. 48) Their efforts fueled a spending bings (购买热)by American consumers, who snapped up exports not only from hardhit emerging markets but also from recessionbound Japan as well as Europe, where growth had slowed. Wall Street stock markets surged, while the U.S. racked up record trade deficits. The trade imbalance is headed for more than $ 300 billion by year’s end, far above last year’s record $ 220 billion.

All that spending is at last helping to generate renewed growth in many parts of the world. 49) The Asian Development Bank has announced that 14 developing countries in the region, after recording growth of just 1% in the final quarter of 1998, had a “substantial” 4.8% jump in gross domestic production in the first quarter of this year. “In just a few short months, Asia has made great strides in recovering from the worst economic crisis in a generation,” said MyoungHo Shin, an ADB official. “Industrial production and exports in most of the crisisaffected economies are on the rise, and in many cases capital outflows have reversed.”

Other emerging markets are also doing much better than expected even a few months ago.

The trouble is that the recovery remains fragile. Most of the improvement has come not from much needed economic reforms but from government pump priming. 50) Result: in Asia each of the five nations hit hardest by the crisis is expected to run a budget deficit equivalent to more than 5% of GDP by the year 2000.

Section Ⅲ Writing
Part A
51.Directions:

You are writing to your grandparents to give your apologize that you cann’ t visit them in the summer vacation as you have planned. The letter mainly includes:

1)tell them that you can’t go for the social research task

2)say sorry that you can’t keep your words

3)a good wish to them

You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Jack" instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)

Part B
52.Directions:

Direction:study the following picture carefully and write an essay to

1)describe the picture and interpret the picture’s meaning

2)give your comments on the phenomenon

3)suggest counter measures

You should write about 200 words neatly.

备战2019年考研 你需要做这些！

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